Spacer patterned, high dielectric constant capacitor

ABSTRACT

A high dielectric constant memory cell capacitor and method for producing the same, wherein the memory cell capacitor utilizes relatively large surface area conductive structures of thin spacer width pillars or having edges without sharp corners that lead to electric field breakdown of the high dielectric constant material. The combination of high dielectric constant material in a memory cell along with a relatively large surface area conductive structure is achieved through the use of a buffer material as caps on the thin edge surfaces of the relatively large surface area conductive structures to dampen or eliminate the intense electric field which would be generated at the corners of the structures during the operation of the memory cell capacitor had the caps not been present.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/994,849,filed Dec. 19, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,150,691, issued Nov. 21, 2000.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a memory cell capacitor and method forproducing the same. More particularly, the present invention relates toa method of forming high dielectric constant memory cell capacitorswhich utilize relatively large surface area structures without electricfield breakdown of the high dielectric constant material on therelatively large surface area structures.

2. State of the Art

A widely-utilized DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) manufacturingprocess utilizes CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)technology to produce DRAM circuits which comprise an array of unitmemory cells, each including one capacitor and one transistor, such as afield effect transistor. In the most common circuit designs, one side ofthe transistor is connected to one side of the capacitor, the other sideof the transistor and the transistor gate are connected to externalcircuit lines called the bit line and the word line, and the other sideof the capacitor is connected to a reference voltage that is typicallyone-half the internal circuit voltage. In such memory cells, anelectrical signal charge is stored in a storage node of the capacitorconnected to the transistor that charges and discharges the circuitlines of the capacitor.

Higher performance, lower cost, increased miniaturization of components,and greater packaging density of integrated circuits are ongoing goalsof the computer industry. The advantages of increased miniaturization ofcomponents include: reduced-bulk electronic equipment, improvedreliability by reducing the number of solder or plug connections, lowerassembly and packaging costs, and improved circuit performance. Inpursuit of increased miniaturization, DRAM chips have been continuallyredesigned to achieve ever higher degrees of integration. However, asthe dimensions of the DRAM chips are reduced while at the same timememory capacity is increased, the occupation area of each unit memorycell of the DRAM chips must be reduced. This reduction in occupied areanecessarily results in a reduction of the dimensions of the cellcapacitor, which, in turn, makes it difficult to ensure required storagecapacitance for transmitting a desired signal without malfunction.However, the ability to densely pack the unit memory cells, whilemaintaining required capacitance levels, is a crucial requirement ofsemiconductor manufacturing if future generations of ever higher memorycapacitor DRAM chips are to be successfully manufactured.

In order to minimize a decrease in storage capacitance caused by thereduced occupied area of the capacitor, the capacitor should have arelatively large surface area or a high dielectric constant dielectriclayer in the capacitor. With regard to increasing capacitor surfacearea, there have been a variety of methods proposed for achieving thisgoal, including forming the capacitor such that variousthree-dimensional shapes extend therefrom. These three-dimensionalshapes may include fins, cylinders, and boxes, as well as forming roughsurfaces on these shapes.

With regard to the use of a high constant capacitor layer, thedielectric constant is a value characteristic of a material which isproportional to the amount of charge that can be stored in the materialwhen it is interposed between two electrodes. High dielectric constantmaterials which can be used include Ba_(x)Sr_((z−x))TiO₃[BST], BaTiO₃,SrTiO₃, PbTiO₃, Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃[PZT], (Pb,La,Zr,Ti)O₃[PLZT],(Pb,La)TiO₃[PLT], KNO₃, and LiNbO₃. Unfortunately, most high dielectricconstant materials are incompatible with existing processes and cannotbe simply deposited on a polysilicon electrode as are presently utilizeddielectric materials, such as Si₃N₄, SiO₂/SiN₄, and Si₃N₄/SiO₂ compositelayers. The incompatibility is a result of the O₂ rich ambientatmosphere present during high dielectric constant material depositionor during annealing steps. The O₂ oxidizes portions of the material usedfor the storage node plate.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,381,302 issued Jan. 10, 1995 to Sandhu et al. teachesmethods for fabricating capacitors compatible with high dielectricconstant materials wherein a storage node electrode is provided with abarrier layer, such as titanium nitride, which prohibits diffusion ofatoms. A recessed conductive plug of polysilicon is deposited in a via,wherein a titanium layer is deposited on the conductive plug. A rapidthermal anneal is then performed to form a titanium silicide layer. Theunreacted titanium layer is removed and a barrier layer is formed on thetitanium silicide layer. A platinum layer is then deposited andpatterned over the barrier layer, followed by a high dielectric constantlayer which is followed by the deposition of a cell plate (preferablyplatinum) to form the capacitor. Although a high dielectric constantcapacitor is formed, the capacitor has a low (i.e., relatively small)surface area. Furthermore, if the platinum layer is not properlypatterned (i.e., misaligned) such that the barrier layer is exposed,oxidation of the barrier layer, the titanium silicide layer, and theconductive plug may occur.

Although the formation of high dielectric constant capacitors is known,forming such high dielectric constant capacitors with relatively largesurface area structures, such as fins and cylinders, to further increasetheir storage capacitance is not feasible. This infeasibility may beattributed to an electric field which forms when the capacitor is inoperation. If a thin structure, such as a fin, is formed in an effort toincrease surface area, this electric field becomes particularly intenseat the corners or edge of the thin structure. This intense electricfield can break down the dielectric material, which breakdown can resultin capacitor failure.

Therefore, it would be advantageous to develop a technique for forming arelatively large surface area, high dielectric constant capacitor, andRAM chips, memory cells, and capacitors employing same, while usinginexpensive, commercially-available, widely-practiced semiconductordevice fabrication techniques and equipment without requiring complexprocessing steps.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention includes a novel memory cell capacitor andtechniques for the formation of the memory cell capacitor which allowfor, and promote, utilization of the advantages of relatively largesurface area structures and high dielectric constant materials. Thepresent invention utilizes a buffer material as a cap on the edgesurfaces of the relatively large surface area structures to dampen oreliminate the intense electric field which is generated at the edgesurfaces of the relatively large surface area structures during theoperation of the capacitor.

The method of the present invention is practiced after the formation ofan intermediate structure comprising transistor gates on a siliconsubstrate which has been oxidized to form thick field oxide areas andwhich has been exposed to implantation processes to form drain andsource regions. The intermediate structure further comprises at leastone barrier layer which covers the transistor gates and the siliconsubstrate.

The method of the present invention comprises patterning a first resistlayer on the barrier layer, which is then etched to expose the drainregions in the substrate, forming vias. The resist layer is thenstripped and a layer of conductive polysilicon material is applied overthe structure to fill the vias. The polysilicon material is etched suchthat it is recessed within the vias. If oxidation of the polysiliconmaterial during subsequent processing steps is a problem, a shieldmaterial may be applied and spacer etched to form a shield layer betweenthe polysilicon material and the gates, and the barrier layer.

A layer of metal is applied over the structure. The structure is thenheated, which causes a silicide reaction wherever the metal layercontacts the polysilicon material to form a metal silicide layer withinthe vias. The unreacted portion of the metal layer is then selectivelyremoved, leaving the metal silicide layer covering the polysiliconmaterial.

A metal barrier layer is applied over the metal silicide layer and thebarrier layer. The metal silicide layer and metal barrier layer preventthe out diffusion of silicon from the polysilicon material (duringsubsequent heat steps) into a cell node which is to be formed above themetal barrier layer.

A resist layer is then applied over the metal barrier layer tosubstantially fill the vias. The resist layer is then etched such thatplugs of the resist layer remain in the vias. The metal barrier layer isthen etched to form a bottom contact adjacent the metal silicide layer.The resist plugs are then stripped away.

A layer of conductive material is deposited over the barrier layer andinto the vias, thereby substantially filling the same, to contact thebottom contact. The conductive material is then patterned and etched toform electrically isolated, individual storage nodes which haverelatively large surface area structures. These relatively large surfacearea structures can take the form of walls, columns, pins, annularcircles, wedges, cones, or any such shape. A common element of each ofthese relatively large surface area structures is that each of them willhave a relatively thin edge portion, surface, or shape edge where theconductive material is patterned. The material used to pattern theconductive material may be left on these edge portions or a buffermaterial may be added to these edge portions by any known techniques toform a cap on the edge portions.

One embodiment of etching conductive material comprises depositing alayer of oxide material over the conductive material layer. A resistlayer is patterned and the oxide material is etched to form an opening,preferably circular, and to expose portions of the conductive materiallayer. Preferably, one edge of each opening is substantially centered inthe center of the underlying polysilicon material.

The patterned resist layer is stripped and a mask material layer isdeposited over the etched oxide material and the exposed conductivematerial layer. The mask material layer is then etched to form spacers.The etched oxide material is etched to leave the spacers free-standing.The pattern of the spacers is transferred down through the conductivematerial layer, and, preferably, into a portion of the barrier layer toform at least one relatively large surface area structure, such as afin, in the conductive material layer. The transfer of the spacerpattern results in the conductive material layer forming electricallyisolated, individual storage nodes with the spacers remaining on theedge portions of the relatively large surface area structure as thebuffer material to form the cap.

After the relatively large surface area structures are formed with thecap on the edge portions thereof, a layer of high dielectric constantmaterial is deposited over the etched structure. The capacitors arecompleted by depositing an upper cell plate, preferably platinum, overthe high dielectric constant material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing outand distinctly claiming that which is regarded as the present invention,the advantages of this invention can be more readily ascertained fromthe following description of the invention when read in conjunction withthe accompanying drawings in which:

FIGS. 1-27 illustrate cross-sectional and plan views of a method offabricating a high dielectric constant capacitor for a memory cellaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 28 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a high dielectric constantcapacitor for a memory cell having a buried bit line according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 29 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a thin structure on a highdielectric constant capacitor;

FIG. 30 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a thin structure on a highdielectric constant capacitor having a cap according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 31 illustrates a thin structure for a high dielectric constantcapacitor having a cap according to the present invention with a certainamount of redeposition of a conductive material layer thereon; and

FIG. 32 illustrates the thin structure of FIG. 31 with the cap removed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIGS. 1-24 illustrate a technique for forming a high dielectric constantcell capacitor for a memory cell. It should be understood that thefigures presented in conjunction with this description are not meant tobe illustrative of actual cross-sectional views of any particularportion of an actual semiconductor device, but are merely idealizedrepresentations which are employed to more clearly and fully depict theprocess of the invention than would otherwise be possible.

FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an in-process intermediatestructure 100 in the production of the memory cell array (i.e., a DRAM).This intermediate structure 100 comprises a substrate 102, such as alightly doped P-type crystal silicon substrate, which has been oxidizedto form thick field oxide areas 104 and exposed to implantationprocesses to form drain regions 106 and source regions 108 of N+ doping.Transistor gate members 112 are formed on the surface of the substrate102, including transistor gate members 112 residing on a substrateactive area 110 spanned between the drain regions 106 and the sourceregions 108 and transistor gate members 112 residing on the thick fieldoxide areas 104. The transistor gate members 112 each comprise a lowerbuffer layer 114, preferably made of silicon dioxide, separating a gateconducting layer or wordline 116 of the transistor gate member 112 fromthe substrate 102. Transistor insulating spacer members 118, preferablymade of silicon nitride, are formed on either side of each transistorgate member 112. A cap insulator 122, also preferably made of siliconnitride, is formed on the top of each transistor gate member 112. Afirst barrier layer 124 (preferably made of tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS) or the like) is applied over the transistor gate members 112 andthe substrate 102. A second barrier layer 126 (preferably made ofborophosphosilicate glass—BPSG, phosphosilicate glass—PSG, borosilicateglass—BSG, or the like) is deposited over the first barrier layer 124.The second barrier layer 126 may be optionally planarized, if necessary,preferably using an abrasive process, such as chemical mechanicalplanarization (CMP).

It is, of course, understood that a single barrier layer could beemployed. However, a typical barrier configuration is a layer of TEOSover the transistor gate members 112 and the substrate 102 followed by aBPSG layer over the TEOS layer. The TEOS layer is applied to preventdopant migration. The BPSG layer contains boron and phosphorus which canmigrate into the source and drain regions formed on the substrate duringinherent device fabrication heating steps. This migration of boron andphosphorus can change the dopant concentrations in the source and drainregions which can adversely affect the transistor performance.

A first resist layer 128 is patterned, as shown in FIG. 2, and thesecond barrier layer 126 and the first barrier layer 124 are etched toexpose the drain regions 106 in the substrate 102, forming vias 132, asshown in FIG. 3. The first resist layer 128 is then stripped, as shownin FIG. 4, and a layer of conductive polysilicon material 134 is appliedover the structure to fill the vias 132, as shown in FIG. 5. Thepolysilicon material 134 is etched such that it is recessed within thevias 132, as shown in FIG. 6. This may be achieved with CMP, wet etch,dry etch, or a combination thereof. If oxidation of the polysiliconmaterial 134 during subsequent processing steps (such as dielectriclayer formation) is a problem, a shield material, such as a siliconnitride material, may be applied and spacer etched to form a shieldlayer 140 between the polysilicon material 134 and the gate members 112,the first barrier layer 124, and the second barrier layer 126, as shownin FIG. 7.

A layer of metal 136, preferably titanium, is applied over thestructure, such as by chemical vapor deposition or by sputterdeposition, as shown in FIG. 8. The structure is heated, which causes asilicide reaction wherever the metal layer 136 contacts the polysiliconmaterial 134 to form a metal silicide layer 138, such as titaniumsilicide (TiSi₂), as shown in FIG. 9. The unreacted metal is thenselectively removed through the use of an etchant that does not attackthe metal silicide layer 138 or the second barrier layer 126, preferablyan ammonium hydroxide/peroxide strip. This leaves the metal silicidelayer 138 covering the polysilicon material 134, as shown in FIG. 10.

A metal barrier layer 142, preferably TiN, TiAlN, or the like, isapplied over the metal silicide layer 138 and the second barrier layer126, as shown in FIG. 11. The metal barrier layer 142 prevents the outdiffusion of silicon from the polysilicon material 134 (duringsubsequent heat steps) to a cell node which is to be formed above themetal barrier layer 142.

A resist layer 144 is then applied, preferably by spin deposition, overthe metal barrier layer 142 to substantially fill the vias 132, as shownin FIG. 12. The resist layer 144 is then etched, preferably using anoxygen plasma dry etch, such that resist plugs 146 remain in the vias132, as shown in FIG. 13. The metal barrier layer 142 is then etched,preferably by a wet etch using ammonium hydroxide/peroxide, sulfuricacid/peroxide, or the like, to form a bottom contact 148, as shown inFIG. 14. The resist plugs 146 are then stripped away, preferably with anoxygen dry etch, as shown in FIG. 15.

A layer of conductive material 152, preferably platinum, is depositedover the second barrier layer 126 and into the vias 132 to contact thebottom contact 148, as shown in FIG. 16. The conductive material layer152 is preferably planarized and a layer of oxide material 154,preferably TEOS, is deposited over the conductive material layer 152, asshown in FIG. 17. A second resist layer 156 is patterned and the oxidematerial 154 is etched to form openings 150, preferably circularopenings offset from vias 132, and expose portions of the conductivematerial layer 152, as shown in FIG. 18. Preferably, one edge of eachopening 150 is substantially centered over the center of the underlyingpolysilicon material 134. FIG. 19 illustrates a top plan view of theopenings 150 along lines 19—19 of FIG. 18.

As shown in FIG. 20, the patterned second resist layer 156 is strippedand a mask material layer 158, preferably silicon nitride, is depositedover the etched oxide material 154 and the exposed conductive materiallayer 152. The mask material layer 158 is then etched, preferablycomprising a spacer etch, to form insulative spacers 162, as shown inFIG. 21. The etched oxide material 154 is selectively etched (selectiveto the mask material layer) to leave the insulative spacers 162free-standing, as shown in FIG. 22. The pattern of the insulativespacers 162 is transferred down through the conductive material layer152, preferably by ion milling or dry etching, and, preferably, into aportion of the second barrier layer 126 to form relatively large surfacearea or thin structures, such as annular walls 163, in the conductivematerial layer 152, as shown in FIG. 23. The transfer of the spacerpattern results in the conductive material layer 152 formingelectrically isolated, individual cell nodes 160 with the insulativespacers 162 remaining on the uppermost edges of thin portions 165 of therelatively large surface area structures, such as annular walls 163, toform caps of buffer material. FIG. 24 illustrates a top plan view of anannular structure 167 formed by the previously discussed method alonglines 24—24 of FIG. 23. FIG. 25 is a side plan view of the upper portionof the annular structure 167 along lines 25—25 of FIG. 24.

It is, of course, understood that the insulative spacers/caps 162 can bedefined by patterning and etching the conductive material, by any knowntechnique, to create the electrically isolated, individual cell nodes160 including relatively large surface area structure or annular wall163. These relatively large surface area structures 163 will, of course,have thin portions or edge surfaces 165 (see FIG. 23) where theconductive material layer 152 is patterned. The material used to patternthe conductive material layer 152 may be left on these edge surfaces 165as a cap, or a cap of buffer material may be added to the outer edges ofthese edge surfaces 165 by any known techniques.

A layer of high dielectric constant material 164, preferably a BST(barium-strontium-titanate) material, is deposited over the etchedstructure, as shown in FIG. 26. The capacitors 168 are completed bydepositing an upper cell plate 166, preferably platinum, over the highdielectric constant material 164, as shown in FIG. 27.

After the formation of the capacitors 168, bit lines, comprising aconductive material, may be formed to extend into and contact the sourceregions 108. However, the bit lines may be disposed within the secondbarrier layer 126 prior to the formation of the capacitors 168. This isaccomplished by depositing a first portion 174 of the second barrierlayer 126, forming a bitline 172 to contact the source region 108, byany known technique, and depositing a second portion 176 of the secondbarrier layer 126. This would result in a final structure 170 with aburied bitline 172, as shown in FIG. 28.

The present invention provides a substantial improvement in the electricfield damping effect of the insulative spacer 162 on the annular walls163. When thin structures 180 are used in a high dielectric constantcapacitor (see FIG. 29), during the operation of the capacitor, anelectric field 182 (represented by arrows) present in the capacitorstructure is particularly intense at the outer corners 184 of the thinannular wall 163 and the edge surface 165 of the thin annular wall 163defined therebetween, due to the relatively small surface area towardwhich the field is formed. The electric field 182 thus breaks down thehigh dielectric constant material 164 at one or more portions of theouter edge surface 165 of the annular walls 163, which breakdown resultsin capacitor failure. The present invention substantially reduces oreliminates the effects of the intense electric field 182 at the corners184 of the thin structure 180. As shown in FIG. 30, the presence of theinsulative spacer 162 atop the annular wall 163 (e.g., the thinstructure) acts as an insulator or dampening mechanism on the top of theannular wall 163. The insulative spacer 162 keeps the intense electricfield from forming in the corners 184 of the annular wall 163 byproviding a large dielectric barrier between the outer edges of theannular wall 163 and the upper cell plate 166 (not shown in FIG. 30).Thus, the electric field 182 is formed to extend only substantiallyperpendicular to a centerline 186 of the annular wall 163.

Yet another substantial improvement in the present invention is in theisolation of the polysilicon material 134 from the high dielectricconstant material 164. The polysilicon material 134 is generally used tomake electrical contact with the substrate 102, because the polysiliconmaterial 134 will not contaminate the substrate 102. However, most ofthe high dielectric constant materials 164, such as BST, are formed inhighly oxidative environments. If the polysilicon material 134 comesinto contact or is proximate to such an environment, the polysiliconmaterial 134 will oxidize and become less conductive. Thus, thestructure and method of formation of the high dielectric constantcapacitor of the present invention isolates the polysilicon material 134from such oxidation by recessing the polysilicon material 134 away fromthe high dielectric constant material layer 164, as shown in FIGS. 26and 27.

Yet still another advantage of the present invention is the allowancefor a certain amount of redeposition of the conductive material layer152 on the insulative spacer 162. As shown in FIG. 31, some conductivematerial layer 152 may redeposit on the insulative spacer 162 during theformation of the individual cell nodes 160, as discussed and illustratedwith FIGS. 22 and 23. If the insulative spacer 162 were removed aftersuch conductive material layer 152 redeposition, sharp protrusions 188may remain, as shown in FIG. 32. These sharp protrusions 188 may resultin shorting since subsequently deposited high dielectric constantmaterial will be very thin over the sharp protrusions 188.

It is, of course, understood that the insulative spacer 162 need not beleft on or subsequently formed to provide the caps. The tip portions ofthe annular walls 163 may be rendered non-conductive through physicaland/or chemical processes, thereby providing the buffer material ornon-conductive caps.

Having thus described in detail preferred embodiments of the presentinvention, it is to be understood that the invention defined by theappended claims is not to be limited by particular details set forth inthe above description as many apparent variations thereof are possiblewithout departing from the spirit or scope thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. A capacitor, comprising: a first, large surfacearea electrode in electrical communication with a drain region of asemiconductor substrate, said first, large surface area electrodeincluding at least one outer edge; a buffer material comprisinginsulative material on said at least one outer edge; a dielectricstructure over said first, large surface area electrode and said buffermaterial; and a second electrode over said dielectric structure.
 2. Thecapacitor of claim 1, wherein said dielectric structure comprises amaterial selected from the group comprising Ba_(x)Sr_((z−x))TiO₃,BaTiO₃, SrTiO₃, PbTiO₃, Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃, (Pb,La,Zr,Ti)O₃, (Pb,La)TiO₃, KNO₃,and LiNbO₃.
 3. The capacitor of claim 1, wherein said first, largesurface area electrode comprises platinum.
 4. The capacitor of claim 1,wherein said second electrode comprises platinum.
 5. The capacitor ofclaim 1, wherein said buffer material comprises silicon nitride.
 6. Thecapacitor of claim 1, wherein said buffer material is configured to atleast partially dampen an electric field at said at least one outeredge.
 7. The capacitor of claim 1, wherein said buffer material isconfigured to prevent an electric field from forming at said at leastone outer edge.
 8. The capacitor of claim 1, wherein said buffermaterial is configured to reduce or eliminate the effects of anelectrical field present at said at least one outer edge.
 9. Asemiconductor DRAM comprising: a first, large surface area conductivestructure in electrical communication with a drain region of asemiconductor substrate and including at least one protruding region; abuffer material comprising insulative material on at least one upperedge of said at least one protruding region; a dielectric structure oversaid first, large surface area conductive structure and said buffermaterial; and a second conductive structure over said dielectricstructure.
 10. The semiconductor DRAM of claim 9, wherein saiddielectric structure comprises a material selected from the groupcomprising Ba_(x)Sr(z−x)TiO₃, BaTiO₃, SrTiO₃, PbTiO₃, Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃,(Pb,La,Zr,Ti)O₃, (Pb,La)TiO₃, KNO₃, and LiNbO₃.
 11. The semiconductorDRAM of claim 9, wherein said first, large surface area conductivestructure comprises platinum.
 12. The semiconductor DRAM of claim 9,wherein said second conductive structure comprises platinum.
 13. Thesemiconductor DRAM of claim 9, wherein said buffer material comprisessilicon nitride.
 14. The semiconductor DRAM of claim 9, wherein saidbuffer material is configured to at least partially dampen an electricfield at corners of said at least one protruding region.
 15. Thesemiconductor DRAM of claim 9, wherein said buffer material isconfigured to prevent an electric field from forming at corners of saidat least one protruding region.
 16. The semiconductor DRAM of claim 9,wherein said buffer material is configured to reduce or eliminate theeffects of an electrical field present at at least one corner of said atleast one protruding region.
 17. A capacitor comprising: a first, largesurface area conductive structure in electrical communication with adrain region of a semiconductor substrate and including at least oneprotruding region with buffer material comprising insulative material onat least one edge thereof; and a dielectric material covering at least aportion of said large surface area conductive structure and said buffermaterial thereon.
 18. The capacitor of claim 17, wherein said first,large surface area conductive structure comprises platinum.
 19. Thecapacitor of claim 17, wherein said buffer material comprises siliconnitride.
 20. The capacitor of claim 17, wherein said buffer material isconfigured to at least partially dampen an electric field at said atleast one edge of said at least one protruding region.
 21. The capacitorof claim 17, wherein said buffer material is configured to prevent anelectric field from forming at said at least one edge of said at leastone protruding region.
 22. The capacitor of claim 17, wherein saidbuffer material is configured to reduce or eliminate the effects of anelectrical field present at said at least one edge of said at least oneprotruding region.
 23. A semiconductor device structure, comprising: atleast one active device region; at least one capacitor electrode incommunication with said at least one active device region, said at leastone capacitor electrode including at least one protruding region withbuffer material comprising insulative material on at least one edgethereof; and a dielectric material covering at least a portion of saidat least one capacitor electrode and said buffer material thereon.
 24. Acapacitor, comprising: a first, large surface area electrode inelectrical communication with a drain region of a semiconductorsubstrate, said first, large surface area electrode including at leastone outer edge; a buffer material on said at least one outer edge andconfigured to at least partially dampen an electric field at said atleast one outer edge, prevent an electric field from forming at said atleast one outer edge, or reduce or eliminate the effects of anelectrical field present at said at least one outer edge; a dielectricstructure over said first, large surface area electrode and said buffermaterial; and a second electrode over said dielectric structure.
 25. Asemiconductor DRAM comprising: a first, large surface area conductivestructure in electrical communication with a drain region of asemiconductor substrate and including at least one protruding region; abuffer material on at least one upper edge of said at least oneprotruding region and configured to at least partially dampen anelectric field at said at least one outer edge, prevent an electricfield from forming at said at least one outer edge, or reduce oreliminate the effects of an electrical field present at said at leastone outer edge; a dielectric structure over said first, large surfacearea conductive structure and said buffer material; and a secondconductive structure over said high dielectric constant material.
 26. Acapacitor comprising: a first, large surface area conductive structurein electrical communication with a drain region of a semiconductorsubstrate and including at least one protruding region with buffermaterial on at least one edge thereof, said buffer material configuredto at least partially dampen an electric field at said at least oneouter edge, prevent an electric field from forming at said at least oneouter edge, or reduce or eliminate the effects of an electrical fieldpresent at said at least one outer edge; and a dielectric materialcovering at least a portion of said large surface area conductivestructure and said buffer material thereon.
 27. A semiconductor devicestructure, comprising: at least one active device region; at least onecapacitor electrode in communication with said at least one activedevice region, said at least one capacitor electrode including at leastone protruding region with buffer material on at least one edge thereof,said buffer material configured to at least partially dampen an electricfield at said at least one outer edge, prevent an electric field fromforming at said at least one outer edge, or reduce or eliminate theeffects of an electrical field present at said at least one outer edge;and a dielectric material covering at least a portion of said capacitorelectrode and said buffer material thereon.